Hematological and Morphological Analysis of the Erythropoietic Regenerative Response in Phenylhydrazine-induced Hemolytic Anemia in Mice

Published in the Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science an international journal of laboratory animal science Introduction In vertebrates, anemia is a common hematological disorder associated with several conditions such as drug toxicity, parasites, genetic or acquired defects, and blood loss (Criswell et al., 2000; Jollow & McMillan, 2001). The hemolytic activity of arylhydrazines, such as phenylhydrazine (PHZ), dapsone hydroxylamine, divicine, may lead to acute hemolytic anemia in vertebrates (Jollow & McMillan, 2001; Kozlov et al., 1980; Magnani et al., 1986). The main action of the classical hemotoxicant PHZ has long been associated with drug-induced oxidative stress occurring within erythrocytes (Kinuta et al., 1995; Jain & Hochstein, 1980). This process produces an increase in the oxidation of oxyhemoglobin, thus leading to the formation of metahemoglobin which is subsequently converted into irreversible hemichromes which, in turn, lead to the denaturation and precipitation of hemoglobin in the form of Heinz bodies (Rifkind & Danon, 1965; Rifkind, 1965). Skeletal protein damage and lipid peroxidation as well as glutathione and ATP depletion, cation imbalances, and reduced membrane deformability have been proposed to be involved in the hemolytic response that is induced by oxidant drugs (McMillan et al., 1998). On the other hand, it has also been reported that PHZ-induced anemia is associated with immune Hematological and Morphological Analysis of the Erythropoietic Regenerative Response in Phenylhydrazine-induced Hemolytic Anemia in Mice